Getting Physical... and Spiritual in Bocaccio's Decameron Day 3
October 26 Humcore Lecture
- Reflections on the brigata’s interruption of their routine
- On day 3, the daily queen is Neifile, theme is people who have gained/recovered things from their own resourcefulness
- Neifile insists that the group stops storytelling over the weekend so they can reflect on spiritual matters, restart on Sunday
- On Friday, they would meditate on Christ’s crucifixion, and on Saturday, they would pay respect to the Virgin Mary
- Ladies will wash their hair over the weekend, important detail of personal hygiene such as when they washed their hands on Day One
- Change of Location
- The brigata moves to a different palace with a large, enclosed garden in order to ensure that no one else will come
- The new palace’s garden is much bigger than the old one’s, and it combines nature with civilization (marble, mills, channels, water, plants, animals, etc.)
- Garden resembles a typical Mediterranean or Italian garden
- Group decides to eat there, with the tables arranged around the fountain
- Spend time reading romances, playing chess (which was previously not allowed), throwing dice (gambling), and napping
- Interesting that they allow for more “competitive” activities like chess and gambling
- Stands as stark contrast to the urban, plagued Florence
- Enclosed garden implies safety
- theology vs. eroticism on day 3
- Day 3 seems to be surrounded with theology; a two day break for prayer, and then the stories are told in a garden which resembles the Garden of Eden
- The stories told on the day contrast with this theological background, and they mix the secular and sacred in unique ways
- The stories focus on erotic instinct and female sexuality as well as class concerns
- Tale of Masetto III.1
- Denies the claim that nuns have no sexual desire due to religion or fatigue
- The tale stages a complicity between Masetto and the nuns to address a common desire
- Starts out as equals, but eventually Masetto is on the losing side as there are too many women to satisfy
- Claims that a woman’s sexual capacity is higher than a man
- The theme of muteness has already been touched upon in II.7 and it returns here as a catalyst for seduction
- The garden in the story is enclosed, as is the brigata’s
- Interpretations
- Condemn the story for its amorality
- Celebrate it for its insistence on “natural” sexual instincts
- Has ties between the Garden of Eden (no desires before sin) and the human world that resulted from leaving the Garden
- Bocaccio writes about the loss of harmony that resulted from leaving the Garden, and one of the side effects is the lovesickness that the Author writes about
- Nuns traditionally became brides of Christ and forewent physical desire in favor of spiritual satisfaction
- In medieval and Renaissance, many men and women entered religious life out of economic necessity instead of free will
- Bocaccio doesn’t question those who are honest in their intentions, but acknowledges that they are often in a state of unfulfillment much of the time
- Refuses to condemn them for acting on their desires
- Bocaccio mocks the thought of theologians and doctors
- Many want to think that nuns leave their sexual instinct behind when they enter religious life
- The Greek theory of humors thought of women as lesser creatures than humans who needed to be controlled, leading to their isolation
- Use of many double entendres, such as “I’m going to work your garden for you better than it’s ever been worked before”
- Never uses explicit profanity, never names body parts
- Juxtaposed with the last tale of day 2, in which a man doesn’t have sex with his wife and she leaves him
- Boccaccio encourages the reader to compare the brigata’s garden (recently spiritualized) with the nun’s garden (defiled)
- Joke of the story relies on the tradition that nuns are “brides of Christ”
- Masetto is rewarded with many children and believes that “this was the way, he maintained, that Christ treated anyone who set a pair of cuckold’s horns on His crown”
- The cuckold is someone whose partner is sleeping with someone’s else, and they often wear horns
- The joke is that Christ approves when Masetto sleeps with the nuns
- In II.10, the neighboring women make the gesture of the cuckold when the wife has sex with her lover
- By pretending to be deaf and mute, Masetto induces situational irony when the nuns talk about sex in front of him; also lays the groundwork for his “miraculous recovery”
- The miracle of regaining hearing is not because he actually regained it, but because the nuns had been using him for their sexual desire
- Ideas of miracles have prevailed in other stories; Ser Ciappelletto was miraculously saved
- Miracles are a handy way of excusing human behavior
- Tale of Alibech III.10
- Illicit story, ignored by critics until 1929
- In D.H. Lawrence’s book Pornography and Obscenity, Lawrence argues that such stories should be shared in order to have a more open discussion about sex
- The story is also seen as extremely obscene and misogynistic
- Boccaccio is offering a parody of the “monk going out to the desert to become spiritually enlightened” trope (Journey to the West)
- The Life of Maria the Harlot in particular was a very similar story that followed a young girl who lived in the desert as a hermit
- Maria becomes seduced by a monk after she lives there for 18 years
- Maria turns to prostitution because she is ashamed, and her uncle visits her (pretending to be a customer) and tells her that she should not be ashamed
- Maria dies a saint in the desert
- The Life of Maria the Harlot in particular was a very similar story that followed a young girl who lived in the desert as a hermit
- Comparisons between Maria and Alibech
- Maria’s uncle exhibits paternal love and responsibility while Rustico acts as a father figure and seduces/rapes her
- Both are seduced by a monk in the desert, but Maria is ashamed while Alibech is not
- Maria willingly leaves the city to return to the desert while Alibech is reluctant to leave the desert and go to the city
- Maria experiences trauma from her sexual experience while Alibech does not and wears out Rustico instead
- Boccaccio argues that sex is human behavior and a necessary evil
- Both Rustico and Alibech fall victim to their sexual desires
- Alibech thinks of her sexual experience as a one-time thing while Rustico knows that he is sinning
- Rustico acts in bad faith but Alibech does not
- Alibech represents innocence
- Alibech lives in a sinless world; she doesn’t feel guilt because she believes her motives are pure
- Women tell her that her new husband will help with those motives
- Alibech represents a “pure” sexual drive, while Rustico represents a sinful one
- Rustico’s sins
- First sin was pride, believed that he could resist the temptations of Alibech’s young body but failed
- Second sin was lust, could not recognize the control lust had over him
- Alibech commits neither of those sins, and her sexual drive is approved in this story through marriage and bearing children
- Alibech’s blameless behavior
- Boccaccio believes that if one has pure intentions, then they will earn God’s grace
- Keep III.10 in mind while reading IV.1
- Boccaccio achieves a comic effect through merging eroticism and asceticism
- Alibech’s experience is predicated on her innocence, and she has to face the city and face its social constructs after leaving the desert
- How is this similar to what the brigata memebers must do after they leave the palace?
- Brief thoughts on Bocaccio’s “On Poetry” and the defense of figurative thinking
- Excerpt from a larger work where Bocaccio discusses the family histories of pagan Greco-Roman gods
- Boccaccio defends literary writing and poetry which is the main idea of the Decameron
- Insists that writing often has “hidden” meanings which is the main benefit of poetry
- Boccaccio argues for studying texts and finding deeper meaning; refers to Biblical texts, such as when Jessu spoke in parables